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Saxony wheel

  • 1 Saxony Wheel

    SAXONY WHEEL, or FLAX WHEEL
    This spinning wheel was the next improvement after the Jersey wheel and was run by foot-power and enabled the spinner to twist, draw, and wind without stopping the wheel. The distaff was fixed in the framework, around the spindle was a horseshoe arrangement called a " flyer " which twisted the thread, on the flyer were hooks for spreading the thread evenly on the spindle. The thread was stronger than that spun on the Jersey wheel, and was used for warp, the softer thread of the Jersey wheel being used as weft. These wheels were used from the 14th to the 18th centuries and all yarns for fabric were made in this way.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Saxony Wheel

  • 2 Flax Wheel

    Same as Saxony wheel. ————————
    SAXONY WHEEL, or FLAX WHEEL
    This spinning wheel was the next improvement after the Jersey wheel and was run by foot-power and enabled the spinner to twist, draw, and wind without stopping the wheel. The distaff was fixed in the framework, around the spindle was a horseshoe arrangement called a " flyer " which twisted the thread, on the flyer were hooks for spreading the thread evenly on the spindle. The thread was stronger than that spun on the Jersey wheel, and was used for warp, the softer thread of the Jersey wheel being used as weft. These wheels were used from the 14th to the 18th centuries and all yarns for fabric were made in this way.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Flax Wheel

  • 3 Jersey Wheel

    This was the first and simplest spinning wheel; introduced in the 14th century for spinning wool. It had a large wheel connected by a band to a small wheel which turned the spindle. The spindle was horizontal. The operator stood at the side and turned the large wheel with her right-hand, with her left-hand she drew out the thread which came twisting from the end of the spindle; when it was long enough she stopped and turning the wheel again wound it on the spindle. There was no place for the distaff and it was necessary to pick up new fibres constantly. See Saxony Wheel.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Jersey Wheel

  • 4 roll

    [rəul] 1. гл.

    Alice's tears rolled down her face, forming a pool at her feet. — Слёзы катились из глаз Алисы, так что у её ног образовалась лужа.

    Mind that the baby doesn't roll off the bed. — Проследи за тем, чтобы ребёнок не скатился с кровати.

    - roll the bones
    - Heads will roll.
    Syn:
    2) вертеться, вращаться

    Every time I rolled over, I woke up because of my wounded knee. — Каждый раз, когда я начинал ворочаться, я просыпался из-за своего больного колена.

    3) катить, везти

    If you hold the door open, we can roll the thing in. — Если вы подержите дверь, мы закатим это в дом.

    If the old car won't start in the garage, you'll just have to roll it out. — Если эта развалюха не заведётся в гараже, тебе придётся просто выкатить её на улицу.

    Syn:
    4) преодолевать какое-л. расстояние ( на колёсном транспортном средстве)

    I had rolled off seventy-seven miles from London. — Я отъехал от Лондона на 77 миль.

    6) = roll up завёртывать

    to roll smth. in a piece of paper — завернуть что-л. в бумагу

    I kept myself warm by rolling myself up in all the clothes. — Я согревался, надевая на себя всё, что можно.

    7)
    а) свёртываться, скатываться
    б) свёртывать, скатывать

    The kitten rolled itself into a ball. — Котёнок свернулся в клубок.

    •
    Syn:
    8) разг. накапливать, постепенно увеличивать

    In the state elections of Lower Saxony the party rolled up nearly 400,000 votes. — На последних выборах в Нижней Саксонии партия набрала около четырёхсот тысяч голосов.

    9)
    а) укатывать, утрамбовывать катком (дорогу, дорожное покрытие)
    в) прокатывать ( металл); вальцевать, плющить
    Ant:
    11) = roll along идти покачиваясь, идти вразвалку
    13)
    б) течь, катить волны

    The great river rolled on. — Великая река не спеша несла свои воды.

    14)
    а) греметь, грохотать, громыхать
    б) произносить громко; грассировать, рокотать

    to roll one's r's — раскатисто произносить звук "р"

    15) мед. сильно или в больших количествах выпускать газы
    17) говорить, вести беседу
    18) амер.; разг. грабить ( особенно пьяных или спящих)
    •
    - roll back
    - roll by
    - roll in
    - roll off
    - roll on
    - roll out
    - roll up
    ••

    to be rolling in money / it — купаться в деньгах, жить в достатке

    2. сущ.
    1)
    а) свиток; свёрток (материи, бумаги и т. п.)
    Syn:
    scroll 1.
    2) катышек (масла, воска)
    3)
    а) реестр, каталог; список; ведомость

    to be on the rolls — быть, состоять в списке

    to take / call the roll — делать перекличку; вызывать по списку

    Syn:
    register 1., list I 1., catalogue 1.
    б) ( the Rolls) ист. судебный архив на Парк-Лейн
    в) юр. официальный список адвокатов
    г) = muster roll список личного состава ( военного подразделения)
    д) шотл.; юр. список дел, разбираемых в суде
    4)
    а) вращение; катание
    б) раскачивание; качка
    в) крен; бортовая качка ( на корабле)
    5) походка моряка, походка вразвалку
    6)

    He sat down to his rolls, eggs, and coffee. — Он сел за стол, чтобы отведать булочек, яиц и кофе.

    jelly roll амер. / Swiss брит. roll — рулет с вареньем, швейцарский рулет

    7) денежные ресурсы, деньги
    Syn:
    8) воен. скатка
    9) тех. валок ( прокатного стана); вал, барабан, цилиндр, ролик; вальцы; каток
    Syn:
    10) авиа бочка, двойной переворот через крыло
    11) архит. завиток ионической капители
    12) киноплёнка с отснятым материалом, скрученная в бобину
    Syn:
    spool 1.

    Англо-русский современный словарь > roll

  • 5 Ackermann, Rudolph

    [br]
    b. 20 April 1764 Stolberg, Saxony
    d. 30 March 1834 Finchley, London, England
    [br]
    German-born fine-art publisher and bookseller, noted for his arrangement of the steering of the front wheels of horse-drawn carriages, which is still used in automobiles today.
    [br]
    Ackermann's father was a coachbuilder and harness-maker who in 1775 moved to Schneeberg. Rudolph was educated there and later entered his father's workshop for a short time. He visited Dresden, among other towns in Germany, and was resident in Paris for a short time, but eventually settled in London. For the first ten years of his life there he was employed in making designs for many of the leading coach builders. His steering-gear consisted of an arrangement of the track arms on the stub axles and their connection by the track rod in such a way that the inner wheel moved through a greater angle than the outer one, so giving approximately true rolling of the wheels in cornering. A necessary condition for this is that, in the plan view, the point of intersection of the axes of all the wheels must be at a point which always lies on the projection of the rear axle. In addition, the front wheels are inclined to bring the line of contact of the front wheels under the line of the pivots, about which they turn when cornering. This mechanism was not entirely new, having been proposed for windmill carriages in 1714 by Du Quet, but it was brought into prominence by Ackermann and so has come to bear his name.
    In 1801 he patented a method of rendering paper, cloth and other materials waterproof and set up a factory in Chelsea for that purpose. He was one of the first private persons to light his business premises with gas. He also devoted some time to a patent for movable carriage axles between 1818 and 1820. In 1805 he was put in charge of the preparation of the funeral car for Lord Nelson.
    Most of his life and endeavours were devoted to fine-art printing and publishing. He was responsible for the introduction into England of lithography as a fine art: it had first been introduced as a mechanical process in 1801, but was mainly used for copying until Ackermann took it up in 1817, setting up a press and engaging the services of a number of prominent artists, including W.H.Pyne, W.Combe, Pugin and Thomas Rowlandson. In 1819 he published an English translation of J.A.Senefelder's A Complete Course of Lithography, illustrated with lithographic plates from his press. He was much involved in charitable works for widows, children and wounded soldiers after the war of 1814. In 1830 he suffered "an attack of paralysis" which left him unable to continue in business. He died four years later and was buried at St Clement Danes.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    His fine-art publications are numerous and well known, and include the following:
    The Microcosm of London University of Oxford University of Cambridge The Thames
    Further Reading
    Aubrey F.Burstall, "A history of mechanical engineering", Dictionary of National Biography.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Ackermann, Rudolph

См. также в других словарях:

  • saxony wheel — noun see saxon wheel …   Useful english dictionary

  • Wheel of Mainz — version until 1992 version from 1992 2008 …   Wikipedia

  • Spinning wheel — For the computer animation commonly found on the Internet, see Spinning wheel (animation). For the Blood, Sweat Tears song, see Spinning Wheel (song). Irish spinning wheel around 1900 Library of Congress collection A spinning wheel is a device… …   Wikipedia

  • spinning wheel — a device formerly used for spinning wool, flax, etc., into yarn or thread, consisting essentially of a single spindle driven by a large wheel operated by hand or foot. [1375 1425; late ME] * * * Early machine for turning textile fibre into thread …   Universalium

  • saxon wheel — noun or saxony wheel Usage: usually capitalized S Etymology: so called from its being the invention of a 16th century German wood carver : a flax spinning treadle machine in which the bobbin lags behind the fly with the spindle giving the twist… …   Useful english dictionary

  • Cotton-spinning machinery — Cotton Manufacturing Processes (after Murray 1911) Bale Breaker Blowing Room …   Wikipedia

  • Spinning mule — A pair of Condenser spinning mules. These have 741 spindles, being cut down from 133 feet (41 m) 1122 spindles they used to have up until the 24th Sept 1974, when they were retired from Elk Mill, Royton. The mule was built by Platt Brothers …   Wikipedia

  • textile — /teks tuyl, til/, n. 1. any cloth or goods produced by weaving, knitting, or felting. 2. a material, as a fiber or yarn, used in or suitable for weaving: Glass can be used as a textile. adj. 3. woven or capable of being woven: textile fabrics. 4 …   Universalium

  • distaff — /dis taf, tahf/, n. 1. a staff with a cleft end for holding wool, flax, etc., from which the thread is drawn in spinning by hand. 2. a similar attachment on a spinning wheel. 3. Archaic. a. a woman or women collectively. b. woman s work. adj. 4.… …   Universalium

  • pottery — /pot euh ree/, n., pl. potteries. 1. ceramic ware, esp. earthenware and stoneware. 2. the art or business of a potter; ceramics. 3. a place where earthen pots or vessels are made. [1475 85; POTTER1 + Y3] * * * I One of the oldest and most… …   Universalium

  • Europe, history of — Introduction       history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… …   Universalium

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